Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Drexel Medical School Secondary Application Essay Tips Deadline

Drexel University’s main campus is located in Philadelphia, PA and, overall, the school has about 1,000 medical students. The school emphasizes the intersection between research and clinical care and has research centers for nanomedicine and neuroengineering. Drexel’s clinical education provides a â€Å"patient-focused practice emphasizing quality, innovation and community service.† Drexel’s mission statement emphasizes diversity alongside a spirit of collaboration within research and clinical sciences. They are known for their dedicated faculty and commitment to students who are experiencing hardship. Drexel University College of Medicine 2018-19 Secondary Application Essay Questions: Drexel Medical School Essay #1 If you are a recent graduate, please tell us what you have been doing since graduation. No word limit. This essay should explain what you have been doing since graduation as well as your planned activities for the gap year before matriculation into medical school. You should include work, education, personal experience (e.g. caring for family), and volunteer work. If you have work experience, you can also give some insight into major accomplishments. Drexel Medical School Essay #2 We at Drexel University College of Medicine have a rich history and a valued mission. Each individual contributes to, supports and enriches our community. Please share with us how you plan on contributing to our College. (200 words) This is an important secondary that is about fit. In other words, why would you be a good student for Drexel’s class? You should do two things. First, review the website and familiarize yourself with special programs and other aspects of Drexel that interest you. Then, review your experiences and illustrate why you are a good fit using specific anecdotes from your past work history and activities. Because this is a short essay, you won’t be able to list everything. Rather than attempt to list all of the activities from the website, write about a few specifics with more clarity. If you did any campus visits or met with students or staff, this is the place to mention that. Drexel Medical School Essay #3 (Optional) What else do you feel is important for us to know about you? Please use this space to highlight something not addressed in your application. (200 words) This is a difficult prompt for everyone, but I encourage applicants not to see this as optional. It is your opportunity to tell the admissions committee anything about you that you wish. I recommend using this space to highlight anything from your past that doesn’t fit neatly into other categories. This can include family history, personal loss or achievement, or a particularly meaningful experience. Do not repeat an activity that you discussed fully in another section or in your primary. Whatever you decide to write about here, be sure to link it to your desire to study medicine at Drexel. I recommend writing about one or two (at the most) things more thoroughly than attempting to provide a bucket list. If you would like professional guidance with your Drexel Medical School application materials,  check out Accepted’s Medical School Admissions Consulting and Editing Services, which include advising, editing, and interview coaching for Drexel’s application materials. Drexel Medical School 2018-19 Application Timeline: AMCAS Application Due June 1 December 1 Secondary Application Due January 1 ***Disclaimer: Information is subject to change. Please check with individual programs to verify the essay questions, instructions and deadlines.*** Jessica Pishko graduated with a J.D. from Harvard Law School and received an M.F.A. from Columbia University. She spent two years guiding students through the medical school application process at Columbia’s Postbac Program and is a former Accepted admissions consultant. Want an admissions expert help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ 5 Fatal Flaws to Avoid in Your Med School Secondary Essays, a free guide †¢Ã‚  How to Write Succinct Secondary Essays †¢ What NOT to Write in Your Medical School Secondary Application Essays Drexel Medical School Secondary Application Essay Tips Deadline Drexel University’s main campus is located in Philadelphia, PA and, overall, the school has about 1,000 medical students. The school emphasizes the intersection between research and clinical care and has research centers for nanomedicine and neuroengineering. Drexel’s clinical education provides a â€Å"patient-focused practice emphasizing quality, innovation and community service.† Drexel’s mission statement emphasizes diversity alongside a spirit of collaboration within research and clinical sciences. They are known for their dedicated faculty and commitment to students who are experiencing hardship. Drexel University College of Medicine 2018-19 Secondary Application Essay Questions: Drexel Medical School Essay #1 If you are a recent graduate, please tell us what you have been doing since graduation. No word limit. This essay should explain what you have been doing since graduation as well as your planned activities for the gap year before matriculation into medical school. You should include work, education, personal experience (e.g. caring for family), and volunteer work. If you have work experience, you can also give some insight into major accomplishments. Drexel Medical School Essay #2 We at Drexel University College of Medicine have a rich history and a valued mission. Each individual contributes to, supports and enriches our community. Please share with us how you plan on contributing to our College. (200 words) This is an important secondary that is about fit. In other words, why would you be a good student for Drexel’s class? You should do two things. First, review the website and familiarize yourself with special programs and other aspects of Drexel that interest you. Then, review your experiences and illustrate why you are a good fit using specific anecdotes from your past work history and activities. Because this is a short essay, you won’t be able to list everything. Rather than attempt to list all of the activities from the website, write about a few specifics with more clarity. If you did any campus visits or met with students or staff, this is the place to mention that. Drexel Medical School Essay #3 (Optional) What else do you feel is important for us to know about you? Please use this space to highlight something not addressed in your application. (200 words) This is a difficult prompt for everyone, but I encourage applicants not to see this as optional. It is your opportunity to tell the admissions committee anything about you that you wish. I recommend using this space to highlight anything from your past that doesn’t fit neatly into other categories. This can include family history, personal loss or achievement, or a particularly meaningful experience. Do not repeat an activity that you discussed fully in another section or in your primary. Whatever you decide to write about here, be sure to link it to your desire to study medicine at Drexel. I recommend writing about one or two (at the most) things more thoroughly than attempting to provide a bucket list. If you would like professional guidance with your Drexel Medical School application materials,  check out Accepted’s Medical School Admissions Consulting and Editing Services, which include advising, editing, and interview coaching for Drexel’s application materials. Drexel Medical School 2018-19 Application Timeline: AMCAS Application Due June 1 December 1 Secondary Application Due January 1 ***Disclaimer: Information is subject to change. Please check with individual programs to verify the essay questions, instructions and deadlines.*** Jessica Pishko graduated with a J.D. from Harvard Law School and received an M.F.A. from Columbia University. She spent two years guiding students through the medical school application process at Columbia’s Postbac Program and is a former Accepted admissions consultant. Want an admissions expert help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ 5 Fatal Flaws to Avoid in Your Med School Secondary Essays, a free guide †¢Ã‚  How to Write Succinct Secondary Essays †¢ What NOT to Write in Your Medical School Secondary Application Essays

Saturday, May 16, 2020

How Do Steam Engines Work

Heat water to its boiling point and it changes from being a liquid to become the gas or water vapor we know as steam. When water becomes steam its volume increases about 1,600 times, that expansion is full of energy. An engine is a machine that converts energy into mechanical force or motion that can turn pistons and wheels. The purpose of an engine is to provide power, a steam engine provides mechanical power by using the energy of steam. Steam engines were the first successful engines invented and were the driving force behind the industrial revolution. They have been used to power the first trains, ships, factories, and even cars. And while steam engines were definitely important in the past, they also now have a new future in supplying us with power with geothermal energy sources. How Steam Engines Work To understand a basic steam engine, lets take the example of the steam engine found in an old steam locomotive like the one depicted. The basic parts of the steam engine in a locomotive would be a boiler, slide valve, cylinder, steam reservoir, piston, and a drive wheel. In the boiler, there would be a firebox where coal would be shoveled into. The coal would be kept burning at a very high temperature and used to heat the boiler to boil water producing high-pressure steam. The high-pressure steam expands and exits the boiler via steam pipes into the steam reservoir.  The steam is then controlled by a slide valve to move into a cylinder to push the piston. The pressure of the steam energy pushing the piston turns the drive wheel in a circle, creating motion for the locomotive. History of Steam Engines Humans have been aware of the power of steam for centuries. Greek engineer, Hero of Alexandria (circa 100 AD), experimented with steam and invented the aeolipile, the first but very crude steam engine. The aeolipile was a metal sphere mounted on top of a boiling water kettle. The steam traveled through pipes to the sphere. Two L-shaped tubes on opposite sides of the sphere released the steam, which gave a thrust to the sphere that caused it to rotate. However, Hero never realized the potential of the aeolipile, and centuries were to pass before a practical steam engine would be invented. In 1698, English engineer, Thomas Savery patented the first crude steam engine. Savery used his invention to pump water out of a coal mine. In 1712, English engineer and blacksmith, Thomas Newcomen invented the atmospheric steam engine. The purpose of Newcomens steam engine was also to remove water from mines. In 1765, a Scottish engineer, James Watt began studying Thomas Newcomens  steam engine and invented an improved version. It was Watts engine that was the first to have a rotary motion. James Watts design was the one that succeeded and the use of steam engines became widespread. Steam engines had a profound effect on the history of transportation. By the late 1700s, inventors realized that steam engines could power boats  and the first commercially successful steamship was invented by George Stephenson. After 1900, gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines began replacing the steam piston engines. However, steam engines have reappeared in the last twenty years. Steam Engines Today It may be surprising to know that 95 percent of nuclear power plants use steam engines to generate power. Yes, the radioactive fuel rods in a nuclear power plant are used just like coal in a steam locomotive to boil water and create steam energy. However, the disposal of spent radioactive fuel rods, the vulnerability of the nuclear power plants to earthquakes and other issues leaves the public and the environment at great risk. Geothermal power is power generated using steam produced by heat emanating from the molten core of the earth. Geothermal power plants are relatively green technology. Kaldara Green Energy, a Norwegian/Icelandic manufacturer of geothermal electrical power production equipment, has been the major innovator in the field. Solar thermal power plants can also use steam turbines to generate their power.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Analyzing How Businesses Cook The Books With Reference For...

Introduction There is no such thing as a perfect business. Although many enterprises express the illusion that they internal workings are flawless, the majority of them are being torn apart from within. This can be through many different ways, but all end in a hefty court case, possible bankruptcy or similar punishments which are associated with financial crimes. One such crime is the manipulation and misrepresentation of financial statements of a business, to hide expenses, improve earnings per share (EPS) or to attract new investors. This is known as financial statement fraud or colloquially labelled â€Å"cooking the books†. (Grossman St Amour, 2014) These crimes can have a significant impact on the business, as their stock could be driven†¦show more content†¦However, any type of fraud is a crime and therefore must be dealt with accordingly. The most common varieties of financial statement fraud are: Improper Revenue Recognition Recording revenues before a sale is made, or before payment has been received seems like a feeble way to alter the books, but the method is highly effective and can accumulate to large sums of money over the long term. Listing items which are not sales, as sales, or resending tax invoices to debtors (to renew the terms and improve the accounts receivable account) in order to boast revenues which are yet to exist is the most common method of financial statement fraud. In fact, a study showed that 38% of the 403 cases involved this type of fraud. (Bradford C, 2014) Manipulating Expenses or Liabilities Businesses can also remove some accounts and reinsert them somewhere else in order to increase EPS or reduce tax liability. This can be done by listing expense accounts as capital acquisitions, thus, essentially listing ordinary debited expenses as credited owner’s equity and in turn falsely boosting profits. Other methods of manipulating accounts involve excluding accounts payables from the books altogether to reduce liability. The same fraud is also performed with loans and other short term liabilities by listing them as non-current, improving the equity of the business and increasing the share price. (ACFE, 2014) This was the method of fraud implemented in the WorldCom scandal, which is still

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Consumer Behaviour Assessment-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviour. Answer: Introduction Consumer behaviour is a discipline of management through which marketers try to assess the consumer buying decisions(Ammi, 2013). Consumer behaviour assessment assists in judging customer needs so that organisations can fulfil them accurately. Background of the task Overall purchase behaviour of a consumer differs depending upon the involvement level of the products that consumer purchases(Blythe, 2013). An assessment of the consumer buyer behaviour helps organisations in devising marketing strategies to target consumers based on their decision making process(Armstrong, 2012) Therefore, analysis of buyer behaviour is very important to business organisations. Study of consumer behaviour classifies products as high and low involvement products (Close, 2012). Low involvement products are generally less expensive and frequently purchased products. The time spent on decision making of purchase of such products is low(East Wright, 2013). However, high involvement products are expensive and seldom bought products. The time and attention spent on such products is high(Hoyer, 2012). Therefore, consumer purchase decision and behaviour varies depending on involvement level of the product. Purpose of the report The purpose of this report is to assess the overall decision making process of high and low involvement products purchased by a customer during a particular week. This report also intends to assess the process involved in purchase decision of a high involvement product. Furthermore, the report will try to compare and contrast the difference in purchase decision of high and low involvement products. Format of the report The Report follows business format. A single customer is described through this report The report then discusses the low and high involvement purchase decisions of this single customer. In continuation, the purchase decision of high and low involvement products is compared. Further, insights gathered from the discussion are listed. Finally conclusions are drawn based on the findings. Description of the consumer Understanding of consumer behaviour is based on understanding of consumers traits and background(Kardes, 2014). Consumers are affected by their pear group, personal habits and other personal traits(Lantos, 2012). Therefore, it is important to understand the customer to understand further purchase decisions(Lantos, 2012) Following is the description of the consumer whose purchase decision analysis has been conducted in this report. The consumers age, habits and traits have an important role to play in consumer decision making process. Description of the customer Age 29 Gender Female Marital Status Single Family Living with Parent Education Level MBA Generational Cohort Adults born between 1961 and 1981) GEN Y Value segment Real Conservatism Conventional Family Life Psychographics Concerned with health and appearance Wants and enjoys a healthy lifestyle but is limited by time Finds fulfilment in family and career Prefers the radio over the TV Loves spending any time available with her daughter Does not enjoy shopping activities without a purpose Prefers to save than spend Personality Traits Loves people and society, altruistic, supports and cares Tidy and willing to help No problem to adapt to the majority, avoids controversy Respects authority Seeks contact with other people Likes control over environment Strongly oriented to reality and presence Looks for meaningful activities Table-1 Source: Made by Author (2016( Adapted from (Armstrong, 2012) The above description shows that consumer is a female belonging to the young generation. Hence, her purchase decisions may be youth centric. She may buy products that appeal to youth like fast food, fitness services and smartphones. Consumer is traditional by nature and believes in family values. Therefore, family oriented and traditional products may also appeal to her. Consumer behaviour insight Consumer insight mapping is required by business organisations to understand the exact nature of consumer demand and the purchasing pattern of the consumer(O'Shaughnessy, 2012). Consumer insight helps in creating a proper marketing message. Through consumer insight, the marketers can communicate in a way that can be understood by the people(Samli, 2012). Consumer insight involves understanding the customer needs and aspirations so that those products can be made available to them which they desire. The consumer matrix shows that the chosen consumer purchases grocery, food and health and fitness related items on a weekly basis. The customer is a young, single, female, student who purchases food and grocery items on a daily or weekly basis. Pear group is a major influencing factor for the customer. Additionally, items are also purchased based on past experience. The consumer believes in family values and has great concerns for health. The consumer goals include spending more time with family, live a healthy lifestyle and purchase value for money products so that money can be saved. Spending more than needed is a major fear of the customer while shopping. Therefore, priority areas of the customer are value for money shopping and healthy lifestyle. Analysis of decision making process of weekly purchases Weekly purchases are generally repeat purchases which satisfy basic and daily needs(Schmitt, 2010). These are also known as low involvement purchases. The customers weekly shopping items consists of food, grocery and health and fitness related products. Bread is a weekly purchased item as per the consumer matrix. Customer also purchases fruit , vegetable and chicken once a week. Customer spends on yoga and health supplements once a week. Most of these products like fruits, bread, burger, car petrol etc. are repeat purchases and low involvement products. Low involvement products are the products which are purchased without much time given to decision making process(Schiffman, 2013). During the purchase of low involvement products, customer purchases as per convenience and habit. Mostly these purchases occur due to influence from peers, parents or personal choices and same choices are repeated multiple time. Customer has purchased most of these items based on own experience and some li ke coffee on a colleagues suggestion. A few items on the consumers weekly shopping list can also be termed as moderate involvement. Moderate involvement products are those which are not extremely frequent but they are also not so expensive that consumer will spend a very long time deciding about them(Wells, 2012). Mostly moderate involvement products are purchased after a brief search and simple decision making(Baines, 2013). Peer group is the major influencing factor in moderate involvement products(Kotler, et al., 2015). Products like Yoga closes and Airline tickets were purchased by consumer after brief search and discussion with friends and family. However, too much time was not spent on information search and the products were purchased through a simple decision making process. Following chart throws light on low and medium involvement products. Low and Moderate Involvement Products Figure1: Source: Made by Author (2017) Based on (Kotler, et al., 2015) On analysis of the customers purchase matrix for the week, it can be observed that the weekly purchases involves basic needs fulfilling products like bread, noodles and coffee. These products are not very expensive; therefore, consumer does not pay too much attention to the nature of the product. The products are bought through convenient mediums like nearby caf and fast food restaurants. Additionally, there is not much analysis of the product after consumption. Therefore, the customer may continuously keep buying from the same place due to habit and convenience. For an organisation to bring about a change in this type of buying pattern, there is a need for extensive and dedicated marketing communication, so that the organisation can break through the habitual buying pattern of the consumer(Baker, 2012) .These are low involvement products; therefore, the customer does not spend time on deciding and does not actively look for product features. Therefore, marketing communication needs to be frequent and interesting to catch the consumers attention(Blakeman, 2014). Following chart shows the decision making process followed during purchase decision of low and moderate involvement products Purchase Decision process Low involvement Products Figure 2: Source: Made by Author(2017) Based on (Szmigin, 2014) The above process is followed by customer during every purchase(Armstrong, 2012). However, for small purchases and basic needs the problem identification is a continuous and frequent process(Sethna Blythe, 2016). According to the customer purchase matrix, a need was identified by the customer for certain basis need products like bread, burger, fruits and vegetables. Additionally, need was also identified for certain moderate involvement products like airline tickets. The customer did not do much information search for low involvement products and purchased them from the nearest market. There was not much evaluation of alternatives and customer purchased the bread and other basic needs items based on convenience and time saving. Customer was also aware of the quality of these items from previous purchases. As the customer was habitual of purchasing these products, not much post-purchase evaluation was done. Therefore, daily low involvement products were bought by the customer based on habit, convenience, less time criteria and low attention span(Blythe, 2013). Major influencers in purchase decision of customer in case of low involvement products were peer group and parents along with own past purchase experience. The consumer purchase matrix also has certain moderate involvement products like Yoga classes and airline tickets. These items were bought after limited information search and discussion with peer group. However, the consumer was not overly involved in the purchase and made a decision after a short search. Post purchase evaluation was not too extensive and very strong opinion was not formed about the product. Therefore, less attention span and less information search are the features of low and moderate involvement products Analysis of purchase of high involvement product In contrast to low involvement products, high involvement products are more expensive; therefore, more time is spent on searching about such products(Armstrong, 2012). Additionally, the need for such products is an advanced need. Such needs arise from need for comfort or luxury(Ammi, 2013). High involvement product which the customer recently purchased is IPhone 7 Plus. This is a high end smartphone for heavy users(Ammi, 2013). Customer was looking for a brand switch as she was not satisfies with the earlier smart phone, Samsung Note. Customer had issues with android operating system as well. Therefore, past purchase was not satisfactory. Hence, customer felt a need for replacement of the phone. As the customer was not satisfied with android operating system, the next available option of IOS was opted for by her. The customer asked friends and also searched on the internet regarding good IOS phones. IPhone 7 plus appealed to the customer due to its good reviews, colour and shape. Additionally, a friend also influenced the customers choice. After information search and getting convinced about this new phone the customer made the purchase decision. It can be deduced from the above that IPhone 7 Plus was purchased after an extensive information search. As this was an expensive high involvement product, there was an extensive evaluation of the product and the customer found the product satisfactory. Therefore, in case of high involvement products, more attention is given to the product and customer is highly involved in the purchase decision. Comparison between the purchase decision of high and low involvement products Consumer purchase decision is dependent on many varying factors(Armstrong, 2012). Some consumers are able to make quicker decisions based on their knowledge and experience(Armstrong, 2012). However, decision making can be divided into two broad categories; High involvement decision making and low involvement decision making. Following chart makes a comparison between low and high involvement decision making. High involvement Vs Low Involvement purchase decesion Figure 3: Source: Made by Author (2017) Adapted from (Armstrong, 2012) Consumer purchased daily need products like food, health and fitness services throughout the week. These were low to moderate involvement products as they were relatively cheaper, were a part of habitual baying and did not feature on high attention span list of the customer. Consumer made the decision of purchasing these products based on past purchase experience, experience of a friend and parents. Convenience and easy availably were also factors which influenced this decision making. Low involvement purchases are purchased frequently. For example, the purchase of bread and burger which the customer purchased in this week may get repeated next week as well. following is the process followed during low involvement product purchase Low Involvement Products Purchase Decision Process Figure 4: Source: Made by Author (2017) Adapted from (Ammi, 2013) Therefore, in case of low involvement products, decision making is simple and based on fast satisfaction of needs and convenience. In the case of the customer being analysed, the purchase was based on low involvement, quick decision making based on past purchase and advice from peer group. For example, the customer bought bread from the shop that had supplied the bread in the past to the customer. Customer did not do much information search. Additionally, not much past purchase evaluation was done. Adjustment was made based on experience and repeat purchase was made based on habit or adjustments made as per past purchase. Even if the customer gets dissatisfied ,she would just shift to another product without giving too much attention to the dissatisfaction. On the other hand, in case of high involvement products, decision making process is longer. Customer is greatly impacted by the decision because the products are expensive. In the case of this customer, there was dissonance with proviso product hence, there was even more caution in purchase decision. The customer did extensive information search and then chose the product which suited the requirements in the best possible manner. The basic difference between the process of high and low involvement products is that the information search is more intensive in these products. The reason is that these products are very expensive and are purchased once in a while. Following is the process followed by the customer to make the purchase decision. High Involvement Products- Purchase Decision Process Figure 5: Source: Made by Author, Adapted from (Ammi, 2013) As propounded by this process, the customer identified a need for a new high end smart phone. Additionally, as the customer was not satisfied with past purchase experience, she was even more cautious in making the new decision. Unlike the low involvement products, customer indulged in extensive information search. Information was gathered from internet, friends and product reviews in magazines and newspapers. Ultimately, based on the dissonance of the past purchase, the customer decided not to buy android devices and buy Iphone7 plus instead, which is an IOS operated device. A lot of time was given to the decision making process and many different aspects regarding the product was debated upon by the customer. Unlike low involvement purchase, the decision was not quick or based on convenience and availably. Lot of evaluation was done post purchase and strong opinions about the product were formed by the customer based on purchase experience. Therefore, a lot of difference exists in approach towards purchase of high and low involvement products. Key Insights as observed from the purchase behaviour of the customer Following are the key insights which came out of the analysis of the customer buying decision- Low involvement purchases are the weekly purchases which the customer makes for satisfaction of basic needs, Customer does not spend too much time on these purchases and makes decisions which are based on convenience or easy availability. Influence of friends, parents or past purchases have a great role to play in such purchases. The justification for low involvement in basic needs products is that they are inexpensive and purchased frequently. Hence, any mistake in purchase can be rectified in the next purchase. Strong opinions about the products are not made and the customer cans easily shift to other products in case of dissatisfaction. The reason for this type of behaviour is inexpensive and frequently bought product. Therefore, customer does not spend too much time to look out for information on these products. Such products need frequent and repetitive advertisement to make a place in the customers mind On the other hand, high involvement products are expensive and are brought once in a while. A mistake in the purchase cannot be rectified. Therefore, customers spend a large amount of time to look for such products and follow extensive information search. They learn from experience of friend, family and their own past experience. As a lot of money is involved, customers make the decision after taking into account all features of the product. Additionally, post purchase evaluation is also extensive and the customer makes strong opinion about the product. The reason for this behaviour is expensive and seldom bought products. Conclusion Consumer behaviour is a complicated process which involves understanding of buyer behaviour. Customers show different buyer behaviour for different types of products. Therefore, marketers need to understand involvement level of customers to properly understand their needs and wants. References Ammi, C., (2013) Global Consumer Behavior. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Armstrong, G., (2012) Marketing: An Introduction. New Delhi: Pearson Education. Baines, P., (2013) Essentials of Marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press . Baker, M., (2012) The Marketing Book. New Jersy: Routledge. Blakeman, R., (2014) Integrated Marketing Communication: Creative Strategy from Idea to Implementation. Plymoth: Rowman Littlefield. Blythe, J., (2013) Consumer Behaviour. London: SAGE. Boone, L., (2011) Contemporary Marketing. New York: Cengage Learning. Close, A., (2012) Online Consumer Behavior: Theory and Research in Social Media, Advertising, and E-tail. New York: Routledge. East, R. Wright, M., (2013) Consumer Behaviour: Applications in Marketing. London: SAGE. Hoyer, W. D., (2012) Consumer Behavior. New York: Cengage Learning. Kardes, F., (2014) Consumer Behavior. New York: Cengage Learning. Kotler, P. et al., (2015) Marketing. Melbourne: Pearson Higher Education AU,. Lantos, G. P., (2012) Consumer Behavior in Action. New York: M.E. Sharpe,. O'Shaughnessy, J., (2012) Consumer Behaviour: Perspectives, Findings and Explanations. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Samli, A. C., (2012) International Consumer Behavior in the 21st Century: Impact on Marketing Strategy Development. humburg: Springer Science Business Media. Schiffman, L., (2013) Consumer Behaviour. Melbourne: Pearson Higher Education AU. Schmitt, B. H., (2010) Customer Experience Management: A Revolutionary Approach to Connecting with Your Customers. Melbourne: John Wiley Sons. Sethna, Z. Blythe, J., (2016) Consumer Behaviour. London: Sage. Szmigin, I., (2014) Consumer Behaviour. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wells, V., (2012) Handbook of Developments in Consumer Behaviour. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.