Contract and Chou Essay Example for Free

Agreement and Chou Essay The case situation under survey by our group incorporates an agreement law circumstance including a table game organization and a game creator. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) is a tabletop game organization which creates, makes, and appropriates prepackaged games, and Chou is the name of the creator of another technique game. In this situation, what started with an installment produced using BTT to Chou for select arranging rights for 90 days, finished in an adjustment in the executives at BTT, prompting their organization done having enthusiasm for dispersing Chou’s game. A few inquiries will be posed about the legitimacy of the terms settled upon by the gatherings in question, including when did the gatherings have an agreement, and what job does the rule of fakes play in this agreement? Our goal is to examine the case situation, including the recently expressed inquiries, and give the responses to those and different inquiries relating to the situation and agreement law. Question 1 when, if at any point, did the gatherings have an agreement? There was shared understanding among Chou and BTT by means of verbal understanding, and a resulting email confirming that an understanding had been probably reached. As indicated by the terms of dissemination among Chou and BTT an agreement was just legitimate whenever formalized recorded as a hard copy. A contention might be made that three days preceding the multi day time limit a shared understanding was reached and legitimate by means of an E-contract law. There was common consent between both Chou and BTT. The contention for the opposite side will state there was never a formalized composed agreement from either Chou or BTT, just an email with a subject heading expressing Strat Deal. Is the email a substantial agreement? Question 2 What realities may say something favor of or against Chou as far as parties’ target expectation to contract? Realities show that BTT sent an email with a subject heading of Strat Deal with data expressing that Chou and BTT have agreed. The composing states that following quite a while of no reaction from BTT and with no administration set up the organization no longer wishes to disseminate Chou’s protected innovation. Chou was in consistence with BTT consistently in regards to issues relating to Strat. Chou will claim that there was an agreement among himself and BTT that was of shared consent and under E-contract law the messages were substantial. Question 3 Does the way that the gatherings were imparting by email have any effect on your examination in questions 1-2 above? As indicated by CA Civil Code 1624, b 3, an, online agreements are endorsable regardless of whether composing is required by the rule of cheats. Correspondence of agreements is substantial under E-contract law. There is no effect on investigation made of above expressed inquiries in view of online correspondence. Question 4 What job does the resolution of cheats play in this agreement? A key factor in any agreement is acknowledgment, and for this situation a verbal understanding had been arrived at three days before the selective exchange right was terminated. Chou at that point said he was going to draw up the agreement. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) at that point sent Chou an email plotting everything that they had settled upon that would be remembered for the agreement. Seeing the email, Chou at that point accepted this was the agreement to be implemented and didn't react to BTT. Despite the fact that Chou got the email, he didn't react to it, in this way giving Chou the protection that quiet is never acknowledgment. In any case, in E-contact law directed by CA Civil Code 1624, b, 3, an, it says that online agreements are endorsable regardless of whether composing is required by the resolution of fakes. Likewise, the â€Å"Click On† or â€Å"Click Wrap† understanding provision expresses that these understandings are enforceable since the chance to peruse and recognize was given. The rules of cheats do have an influence in this agreement because of the Uniform Commercial Code necessitating that the resolution of fakes applies to any agreement for the offer of merchandise for $500 or more. Nonetheless, the specific measure of â€Å"Strat† units that Big Time Toymaker (BTT) will sell or at what cost of every unit is muddled to the peruser, it was portrayed in detail in the email BTT sent to Chou. Question 5 Could BTT stay away from this agreement under the precept of mix-up? Clarify. The new administration at BTT can't maintain a strategic distance from this agreement under the regulation of slip-up in light of the fact that an error was not made by both Chou and the old supervisory group. The error by Chou was tolerating the email blueprint of the agreement terms as a genuine agreement consented to by the two gatherings. Scienter applies to Chou for this situation by tolerating an apparently genuine agreement. Would either party have whatever other barriers that would permit the agreement to be evaded? The difference in the executives achieved people bound to a similar organization as the old supervisory crew seemed to be, in this manner, scienter applies to the new supervisory group in privity. The draft sent from Chou and got by BTT is a debatable instrument. BTT along these lines turns into a holder at the appropriate time. The inaction of BTT after the draft was sent is infringing upon the UCC prerequisite that all offers are to be open for a sensible time of 90 days. Chou was under the feeling that an agreement had been made before that 90 days had lapsed. Chou has genuine guard just as close to home barrier because of penetrate of agreement and misrepresentation. Question 6 Assuming, arguendo, that this email does establish an understanding, what thought bolsters this understanding? By law, resolution of cheats would bolster this understanding. Because of the terms, there can't be a claim that can be maintained on specific agreements or courses of action, aside from on the off chance that it is composed and marked by the approved party or agent. Under the resolution, specific sorts of agreements must be recorded as a hard copy so as to be enforceable in a courtroom (Contracts: Statute of Frauds, 2013). The composing likewise must be marked by the individual who is considered liable for the agreement or by that people operator. To dodge the avocation of the Statute of Frauds, one would need to ensure the agreements are in text and marked by the other party; along these lines, if the contradicting party doesn't hold their finish of the understanding, one would pick up from that specific gathering. Question Expecting BTT and Chou have an agreement, and BTT has penetrated the agreement by not disseminating the game, talk about what cures may or probably won't have any significant bearing. It is evident BTT’s supervisor didn't contemplate shielding BTT from obligation. He imprudently composed the messages, and his indiscreet activities put BTT in danger. This persuaded this email was intended to supplant the previous idea that he should draft an agreement. In spite of the fact that the word contract was not ever utilized in the email, it said that the entirety of the terms had been settled upon. The remuneration would be granted to Chou by the court in a common activity because of the unjust direct, being the penetrate from the other party, BTT. On the off chance that the agreement is penetrated by BTT, Chou will be conceded fair help by the court, which comes as explicit execution, injunctive alleviation, or reconstruction. Fiscal harms could likewise be as a result, wherein they can be compensatory, coming about because of a misfortune because of nonperformance. Additionally, significant, which are aberrant yet not out of the ordinary from non-finishing. Compensation would likewise happen that would be identical to add up to the gathering has been unjustifiably enhanced by the non-breaking party, and exchanged, which harms are a preset worth rendering from the understanding. The compensatory harms for recuperation Chou endured by the non-breaking gathering would be the harms that would be granted to the gathering in a similar circumstance he would host been in if the other get-together had executed as settled upon (Melvin, 2011). After audit of the case situation including Big Time Toymaker and Chou the game creator, we have presumed that not exclusively was there an agreement understanding between the gatherings, however that as indicated by E-contract law, Chou might be limited by the terms remembered for the first email sent from BTT. Moreover, the regulation of slip-up can't be utilized in this circumstance on account of scienter toward Chou and the old and new administration of BTT. A few inquiries were posed of our group as per contract law and the situation gave by the reading material. This finishes our investigation of the situation and answers to the inquiries we were introduced.

Twelfth Night Literature Analysis Essay Example For Students

Twelfth Night Literature Analysis Essay William Shakespeares Twelfth Night is set in a region called Illyria on the bank of Italy. The play is about a sibling and sister, Sebastian and Viola, who are isolated after a wreck, and both think different has suffocated. The play tells the story of how they were inevitably rejoined. There are a wide scope of characters in the play; going from Malvolio, Olivias steward, who is extremely conceited with no comical inclination to Sir Toby who is consistently out living it up and extremely just carries on with an existence of joy. A mindful character is Viola; she isn't ne to agitate others. Olivia gets a great deal of compassion since she is grieving for her sibling. Orsino has an agreeable yet pointless presence. He is rich however sits sulking about affection throughout the day. These characters are extraordinary and each have their flaws, for example, Sir Toby might be scrutinized for taking a ton of Sir Andrews cash though Violas deficiency is that she is excessively pleasant, never needing to cause anybody any damage. This is a shortcoming since it might hold her back from doing a something that she should. I feel that Shakespeare has given the characters shortcomings to ake them all the more fascinating and sensible. Malvolio attempts to intrigue Olivia however it doesn't work. Despite the fact that she regards him she doesn't support him, as he thinks, for having a great job. He is acceptable at his particular employment however ought to have a good time as opposed to suspecting himself constantly. This is one thing that makes him an unlikeable character additionally he believes himself to be better than different characters however nobody truly enjoys him and he doesn't have the foggiest idea what they truly consider him. Despite the fact that he for the most part thinks about himself a portion of his affection goes to Olivia. I believe that he needs to be sentimental yet makes some hard memories communicating his emotions or doesn't need individuals to comprehend what hes truly like. His character doesn't generally create all through the play, and I hated him as much toward the end as I did toward the beginning of the play. Sir Toby is an affable character since he couldn't care less what anybody considers him, on the off chance that they don't care for him, they will simply need to endure it. Individuals figure he should be a good courteous fellow and behave yet he discovers acting like every other person stodgy and claustrophobic. Sir Toby is positively not a model respectable man but rather when he drinks his conduct is far more detestable. He doesn't have a ton of cash. He may have had all the more however carrying on with an existence of delight has changed that. He is censured for carrying on with an existence of delight however at any rate, 1 not at all like some different characters, he is real, he doesn't attempt to be anything he isn't, and this is one reason why Maria cherishes him. In spite of the fact that Sir Toby is an amiable Character his functional jokes do will in general get tedious as the play wears on. Olivia, Sir Tobys niece, isn't ike him by any stretch of the imagination. She is a wealthy royal lady who is decent and acts the manner in which she should. Olivia gets a great deal of compassion since she has lost her dad and her sibling, yet Sir Toby doesn't feel that her lamenting is real. Olivia is a significant amiable character however I imagine that she is taking it a piece excessively far, saying she will never cherish another man again. All things considered, she appreciates the entirety of the consideration and compassion that she is getting. Viola, the sister of Sebastian, has a great deal going for her; she is savvy, prudent, legit nd knowledgeable and ready to manage individuals superior to different characters. She is a mindful character who likes to complete things, she isnt one to simply kick back and never really let others get things done for her. Being caring is one of Violas principle highlights. She doesn't prefer to irritated or hurt individuals and she would not deride individuals or ridicule them behind their backs. She did her orders and despite the fact that she was placed in an ungainly position she didn't deny inspired by a paranoid fear of upsetting somebody. Some of Violas lines are he generally graceful of the whole play and in this manner, maybe, are the ones which will be recollected the most. .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e , .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e .postImageUrl , .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e , .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e:hover , .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e:visited , .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e:active { border:0!important; } .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e:active , .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e:hover { obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u097e272418133efbb 3649434773e832e .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u097e272418133efbb3649434773e832e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Tell Tale Heart Analysis EssayDuke Orsino doesn't appear to have a lot of character or character. He appears not to do without a doubt, he has a practically futile presence; he just sits about sulking about adoration. He is rich and has an agreeable presence with heaps of hirelings. He appears to be youthful and juvenile, and doesn't have a similar intelligence or information as Viola and Sir Toby do. He isn't an overwhelming figure, however it is conceivable that there is a whole other world to him than meets the eye. Orsino has ried with Maria however has not succeeded on the grounds that she is enamored with Sir Toby. It is too difficult to even consider forming an assessment of him since he isnt a truly recognizable character. I believe that Viola develops with credit toward the finish of the play since her lone flaw is that she is excessively decent so she was unable to be scrutinized for anything. Two characters who I thoroughly consider happen to the play seriously are Sir Toby and Malvolio. Both of these characters can be irritating now and again, and in spite of the fact that Toby may have begun well he ends up very exhausting, while Malvolio, then again, was never an agreeable character.

Intergroup communication final paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intergroup correspondence last - Term Paper Example Additionally, more ladies are working outside the home, or while in the home, including low-pay moms (Gassman-Pines, 2011). Around 29% of working moms were utilized in employments with non-standard timetables (versus standard calendars of fixed daytime hours from Monday to Friday) in 2004 (Gassman-Pines, 2011). In creating nations, working moms show an expanding pattern, with some working basically because of financial needs, while others, particularly the informed ones, decide to work to achieve individual satisfaction from their work-life personalities and to seek after further instruction and upward vocation/business objectives (Jabbar, 2014; Parã © and Dillaway, 2005). Besides, having the alternative to work, rather than remaining at home, is a sign of the advanced age, especially, in accordance with women's activist and sexual orientation equity developments (Parã © and Dillaway, 2005). Working ladies create political force when they increment their commitment to dynamic at home, and when they ascend in their associations as top chiefs (Ruderman, Ohlott, Panzer, and King, 2002). Furthermore, they additionally improve social and social force, as they increase social endorsement for being autonomous people who ought to have the option to work without being decided as ignoring their customary sexual orientation jobs and duties (Jabbar, 2014). By and by, working moms keep on confronting work-life gives that effect professional success (King, Botsford, and Huffman, 2009). At the end of the day, not getting enough social help and absence of equalization in family and work life can crash ladies from accomplishing highest administration positions and ach ieving a fair family labor of love balance (King et al., 2009). A few examinations researched the impacts of work outside the home on working moms and their kids and discovered blended outcomes. From one perspective, Jabbar’s (2014) interviews with Jordanian moms and educators and servants from different nations uncovered that working moms and instructors didn't concur that having

Drexel Medical School Secondary Application Essay Tips Deadline

Drexel University’s main campus is located in Philadelphia, PA and, overall, the school has about 1,000 medical students. The school emphasizes the intersection between research and clinical care and has research centers for nanomedicine and neuroengineering. Drexel’s clinical education provides a â€Å"patient-focused practice emphasizing quality, innovation and community service.† Drexel’s mission statement emphasizes diversity alongside a spirit of collaboration within research and clinical sciences. They are known for their dedicated faculty and commitment to students who are experiencing hardship. Drexel University College of Medicine 2018-19 Secondary Application Essay Questions: Drexel Medical School Essay #1 If you are a recent graduate, please tell us what you have been doing since graduation. No word limit. This essay should explain what you have been doing since graduation as well as your planned activities for the gap year before matriculation into medical school. You should include work, education, personal experience (e.g. caring for family), and volunteer work. If you have work experience, you can also give some insight into major accomplishments. Drexel Medical School Essay #2 We at Drexel University College of Medicine have a rich history and a valued mission. Each individual contributes to, supports and enriches our community. Please share with us how you plan on contributing to our College. (200 words) This is an important secondary that is about fit. In other words, why would you be a good student for Drexel’s class? You should do two things. First, review the website and familiarize yourself with special programs and other aspects of Drexel that interest you. Then, review your experiences and illustrate why you are a good fit using specific anecdotes from your past work history and activities. Because this is a short essay, you won’t be able to list everything. Rather than attempt to list all of the activities from the website, write about a few specifics with more clarity. If you did any campus visits or met with students or staff, this is the place to mention that. Drexel Medical School Essay #3 (Optional) What else do you feel is important for us to know about you? Please use this space to highlight something not addressed in your application. (200 words) This is a difficult prompt for everyone, but I encourage applicants not to see this as optional. It is your opportunity to tell the admissions committee anything about you that you wish. I recommend using this space to highlight anything from your past that doesn’t fit neatly into other categories. This can include family history, personal loss or achievement, or a particularly meaningful experience. Do not repeat an activity that you discussed fully in another section or in your primary. Whatever you decide to write about here, be sure to link it to your desire to study medicine at Drexel. I recommend writing about one or two (at the most) things more thoroughly than attempting to provide a bucket list. If you would like professional guidance with your Drexel Medical School application materials,  check out Accepted’s Medical School Admissions Consulting and Editing Services, which include advising, editing, and interview coaching for Drexel’s application materials. Drexel Medical School 2018-19 Application Timeline: AMCAS Application Due June 1 December 1 Secondary Application Due January 1 ***Disclaimer: Information is subject to change. Please check with individual programs to verify the essay questions, instructions and deadlines.*** Jessica Pishko graduated with a J.D. from Harvard Law School and received an M.F.A. from Columbia University. She spent two years guiding students through the medical school application process at Columbia’s Postbac Program and is a former Accepted admissions consultant. Want an admissions expert help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ 5 Fatal Flaws to Avoid in Your Med School Secondary Essays, a free guide †¢Ã‚  How to Write Succinct Secondary Essays †¢ What NOT to Write in Your Medical School Secondary Application Essays Drexel Medical School Secondary Application Essay Tips Deadline Drexel University’s main campus is located in Philadelphia, PA and, overall, the school has about 1,000 medical students. The school emphasizes the intersection between research and clinical care and has research centers for nanomedicine and neuroengineering. Drexel’s clinical education provides a â€Å"patient-focused practice emphasizing quality, innovation and community service.† Drexel’s mission statement emphasizes diversity alongside a spirit of collaboration within research and clinical sciences. They are known for their dedicated faculty and commitment to students who are experiencing hardship. Drexel University College of Medicine 2018-19 Secondary Application Essay Questions: Drexel Medical School Essay #1 If you are a recent graduate, please tell us what you have been doing since graduation. No word limit. This essay should explain what you have been doing since graduation as well as your planned activities for the gap year before matriculation into medical school. You should include work, education, personal experience (e.g. caring for family), and volunteer work. If you have work experience, you can also give some insight into major accomplishments. Drexel Medical School Essay #2 We at Drexel University College of Medicine have a rich history and a valued mission. Each individual contributes to, supports and enriches our community. Please share with us how you plan on contributing to our College. (200 words) This is an important secondary that is about fit. In other words, why would you be a good student for Drexel’s class? You should do two things. First, review the website and familiarize yourself with special programs and other aspects of Drexel that interest you. Then, review your experiences and illustrate why you are a good fit using specific anecdotes from your past work history and activities. Because this is a short essay, you won’t be able to list everything. Rather than attempt to list all of the activities from the website, write about a few specifics with more clarity. If you did any campus visits or met with students or staff, this is the place to mention that. Drexel Medical School Essay #3 (Optional) What else do you feel is important for us to know about you? Please use this space to highlight something not addressed in your application. (200 words) This is a difficult prompt for everyone, but I encourage applicants not to see this as optional. It is your opportunity to tell the admissions committee anything about you that you wish. I recommend using this space to highlight anything from your past that doesn’t fit neatly into other categories. This can include family history, personal loss or achievement, or a particularly meaningful experience. Do not repeat an activity that you discussed fully in another section or in your primary. Whatever you decide to write about here, be sure to link it to your desire to study medicine at Drexel. I recommend writing about one or two (at the most) things more thoroughly than attempting to provide a bucket list. If you would like professional guidance with your Drexel Medical School application materials,  check out Accepted’s Medical School Admissions Consulting and Editing Services, which include advising, editing, and interview coaching for Drexel’s application materials. Drexel Medical School 2018-19 Application Timeline: AMCAS Application Due June 1 December 1 Secondary Application Due January 1 ***Disclaimer: Information is subject to change. Please check with individual programs to verify the essay questions, instructions and deadlines.*** Jessica Pishko graduated with a J.D. from Harvard Law School and received an M.F.A. from Columbia University. She spent two years guiding students through the medical school application process at Columbia’s Postbac Program and is a former Accepted admissions consultant. Want an admissions expert help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ 5 Fatal Flaws to Avoid in Your Med School Secondary Essays, a free guide †¢Ã‚  How to Write Succinct Secondary Essays †¢ What NOT to Write in Your Medical School Secondary Application Essays

How Do Steam Engines Work

Heat water to its boiling point and it changes from being a liquid to become the gas or water vapor we know as steam. When water becomes steam its volume increases about 1,600 times, that expansion is full of energy. An engine is a machine that converts energy into mechanical force or motion that can turn pistons and wheels. The purpose of an engine is to provide power, a steam engine provides mechanical power by using the energy of steam. Steam engines were the first successful engines invented and were the driving force behind the industrial revolution. They have been used to power the first trains, ships, factories, and even cars. And while steam engines were definitely important in the past, they also now have a new future in supplying us with power with geothermal energy sources. How Steam Engines Work To understand a basic steam engine, lets take the example of the steam engine found in an old steam locomotive like the one depicted. The basic parts of the steam engine in a locomotive would be a boiler, slide valve, cylinder, steam reservoir, piston, and a drive wheel. In the boiler, there would be a firebox where coal would be shoveled into. The coal would be kept burning at a very high temperature and used to heat the boiler to boil water producing high-pressure steam. The high-pressure steam expands and exits the boiler via steam pipes into the steam reservoir.  The steam is then controlled by a slide valve to move into a cylinder to push the piston. The pressure of the steam energy pushing the piston turns the drive wheel in a circle, creating motion for the locomotive. History of Steam Engines Humans have been aware of the power of steam for centuries. Greek engineer, Hero of Alexandria (circa 100 AD), experimented with steam and invented the aeolipile, the first but very crude steam engine. The aeolipile was a metal sphere mounted on top of a boiling water kettle. The steam traveled through pipes to the sphere. Two L-shaped tubes on opposite sides of the sphere released the steam, which gave a thrust to the sphere that caused it to rotate. However, Hero never realized the potential of the aeolipile, and centuries were to pass before a practical steam engine would be invented. In 1698, English engineer, Thomas Savery patented the first crude steam engine. Savery used his invention to pump water out of a coal mine. In 1712, English engineer and blacksmith, Thomas Newcomen invented the atmospheric steam engine. The purpose of Newcomens steam engine was also to remove water from mines. In 1765, a Scottish engineer, James Watt began studying Thomas Newcomens  steam engine and invented an improved version. It was Watts engine that was the first to have a rotary motion. James Watts design was the one that succeeded and the use of steam engines became widespread. Steam engines had a profound effect on the history of transportation. By the late 1700s, inventors realized that steam engines could power boats  and the first commercially successful steamship was invented by George Stephenson. After 1900, gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines began replacing the steam piston engines. However, steam engines have reappeared in the last twenty years. Steam Engines Today It may be surprising to know that 95 percent of nuclear power plants use steam engines to generate power. Yes, the radioactive fuel rods in a nuclear power plant are used just like coal in a steam locomotive to boil water and create steam energy. However, the disposal of spent radioactive fuel rods, the vulnerability of the nuclear power plants to earthquakes and other issues leaves the public and the environment at great risk. Geothermal power is power generated using steam produced by heat emanating from the molten core of the earth. Geothermal power plants are relatively green technology. Kaldara Green Energy, a Norwegian/Icelandic manufacturer of geothermal electrical power production equipment, has been the major innovator in the field. Solar thermal power plants can also use steam turbines to generate their power.

Analyzing How Businesses Cook The Books With Reference For...

Introduction There is no such thing as a perfect business. Although many enterprises express the illusion that they internal workings are flawless, the majority of them are being torn apart from within. This can be through many different ways, but all end in a hefty court case, possible bankruptcy or similar punishments which are associated with financial crimes. One such crime is the manipulation and misrepresentation of financial statements of a business, to hide expenses, improve earnings per share (EPS) or to attract new investors. This is known as financial statement fraud or colloquially labelled â€Å"cooking the books†. (Grossman St Amour, 2014) These crimes can have a significant impact on the business, as their stock could be driven†¦show more content†¦However, any type of fraud is a crime and therefore must be dealt with accordingly. The most common varieties of financial statement fraud are: Improper Revenue Recognition Recording revenues before a sale is made, or before payment has been received seems like a feeble way to alter the books, but the method is highly effective and can accumulate to large sums of money over the long term. Listing items which are not sales, as sales, or resending tax invoices to debtors (to renew the terms and improve the accounts receivable account) in order to boast revenues which are yet to exist is the most common method of financial statement fraud. In fact, a study showed that 38% of the 403 cases involved this type of fraud. (Bradford C, 2014) Manipulating Expenses or Liabilities Businesses can also remove some accounts and reinsert them somewhere else in order to increase EPS or reduce tax liability. This can be done by listing expense accounts as capital acquisitions, thus, essentially listing ordinary debited expenses as credited owner’s equity and in turn falsely boosting profits. Other methods of manipulating accounts involve excluding accounts payables from the books altogether to reduce liability. The same fraud is also performed with loans and other short term liabilities by listing them as non-current, improving the equity of the business and increasing the share price. (ACFE, 2014) This was the method of fraud implemented in the WorldCom scandal, which is still

Consumer Behaviour Assessment-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviour. Answer: Introduction Consumer behaviour is a discipline of management through which marketers try to assess the consumer buying decisions(Ammi, 2013). Consumer behaviour assessment assists in judging customer needs so that organisations can fulfil them accurately. Background of the task Overall purchase behaviour of a consumer differs depending upon the involvement level of the products that consumer purchases(Blythe, 2013). An assessment of the consumer buyer behaviour helps organisations in devising marketing strategies to target consumers based on their decision making process(Armstrong, 2012) Therefore, analysis of buyer behaviour is very important to business organisations. Study of consumer behaviour classifies products as high and low involvement products (Close, 2012). Low involvement products are generally less expensive and frequently purchased products. The time spent on decision making of purchase of such products is low(East Wright, 2013). However, high involvement products are expensive and seldom bought products. The time and attention spent on such products is high(Hoyer, 2012). Therefore, consumer purchase decision and behaviour varies depending on involvement level of the product. Purpose of the report The purpose of this report is to assess the overall decision making process of high and low involvement products purchased by a customer during a particular week. This report also intends to assess the process involved in purchase decision of a high involvement product. Furthermore, the report will try to compare and contrast the difference in purchase decision of high and low involvement products. Format of the report The Report follows business format. A single customer is described through this report The report then discusses the low and high involvement purchase decisions of this single customer. In continuation, the purchase decision of high and low involvement products is compared. Further, insights gathered from the discussion are listed. Finally conclusions are drawn based on the findings. Description of the consumer Understanding of consumer behaviour is based on understanding of consumers traits and background(Kardes, 2014). Consumers are affected by their pear group, personal habits and other personal traits(Lantos, 2012). Therefore, it is important to understand the customer to understand further purchase decisions(Lantos, 2012) Following is the description of the consumer whose purchase decision analysis has been conducted in this report. The consumers age, habits and traits have an important role to play in consumer decision making process. Description of the customer Age 29 Gender Female Marital Status Single Family Living with Parent Education Level MBA Generational Cohort Adults born between 1961 and 1981) GEN Y Value segment Real Conservatism Conventional Family Life Psychographics Concerned with health and appearance Wants and enjoys a healthy lifestyle but is limited by time Finds fulfilment in family and career Prefers the radio over the TV Loves spending any time available with her daughter Does not enjoy shopping activities without a purpose Prefers to save than spend Personality Traits Loves people and society, altruistic, supports and cares Tidy and willing to help No problem to adapt to the majority, avoids controversy Respects authority Seeks contact with other people Likes control over environment Strongly oriented to reality and presence Looks for meaningful activities Table-1 Source: Made by Author (2016( Adapted from (Armstrong, 2012) The above description shows that consumer is a female belonging to the young generation. Hence, her purchase decisions may be youth centric. She may buy products that appeal to youth like fast food, fitness services and smartphones. Consumer is traditional by nature and believes in family values. Therefore, family oriented and traditional products may also appeal to her. Consumer behaviour insight Consumer insight mapping is required by business organisations to understand the exact nature of consumer demand and the purchasing pattern of the consumer(O'Shaughnessy, 2012). Consumer insight helps in creating a proper marketing message. Through consumer insight, the marketers can communicate in a way that can be understood by the people(Samli, 2012). Consumer insight involves understanding the customer needs and aspirations so that those products can be made available to them which they desire. The consumer matrix shows that the chosen consumer purchases grocery, food and health and fitness related items on a weekly basis. The customer is a young, single, female, student who purchases food and grocery items on a daily or weekly basis. Pear group is a major influencing factor for the customer. Additionally, items are also purchased based on past experience. The consumer believes in family values and has great concerns for health. The consumer goals include spending more time with family, live a healthy lifestyle and purchase value for money products so that money can be saved. Spending more than needed is a major fear of the customer while shopping. Therefore, priority areas of the customer are value for money shopping and healthy lifestyle. Analysis of decision making process of weekly purchases Weekly purchases are generally repeat purchases which satisfy basic and daily needs(Schmitt, 2010). These are also known as low involvement purchases. The customers weekly shopping items consists of food, grocery and health and fitness related products. Bread is a weekly purchased item as per the consumer matrix. Customer also purchases fruit , vegetable and chicken once a week. Customer spends on yoga and health supplements once a week. Most of these products like fruits, bread, burger, car petrol etc. are repeat purchases and low involvement products. Low involvement products are the products which are purchased without much time given to decision making process(Schiffman, 2013). During the purchase of low involvement products, customer purchases as per convenience and habit. Mostly these purchases occur due to influence from peers, parents or personal choices and same choices are repeated multiple time. Customer has purchased most of these items based on own experience and some li ke coffee on a colleagues suggestion. A few items on the consumers weekly shopping list can also be termed as moderate involvement. Moderate involvement products are those which are not extremely frequent but they are also not so expensive that consumer will spend a very long time deciding about them(Wells, 2012). Mostly moderate involvement products are purchased after a brief search and simple decision making(Baines, 2013). Peer group is the major influencing factor in moderate involvement products(Kotler, et al., 2015). Products like Yoga closes and Airline tickets were purchased by consumer after brief search and discussion with friends and family. However, too much time was not spent on information search and the products were purchased through a simple decision making process. Following chart throws light on low and medium involvement products. Low and Moderate Involvement Products Figure1: Source: Made by Author (2017) Based on (Kotler, et al., 2015) On analysis of the customers purchase matrix for the week, it can be observed that the weekly purchases involves basic needs fulfilling products like bread, noodles and coffee. These products are not very expensive; therefore, consumer does not pay too much attention to the nature of the product. The products are bought through convenient mediums like nearby caf and fast food restaurants. Additionally, there is not much analysis of the product after consumption. Therefore, the customer may continuously keep buying from the same place due to habit and convenience. For an organisation to bring about a change in this type of buying pattern, there is a need for extensive and dedicated marketing communication, so that the organisation can break through the habitual buying pattern of the consumer(Baker, 2012) .These are low involvement products; therefore, the customer does not spend time on deciding and does not actively look for product features. Therefore, marketing communication needs to be frequent and interesting to catch the consumers attention(Blakeman, 2014). Following chart shows the decision making process followed during purchase decision of low and moderate involvement products Purchase Decision process Low involvement Products Figure 2: Source: Made by Author(2017) Based on (Szmigin, 2014) The above process is followed by customer during every purchase(Armstrong, 2012). However, for small purchases and basic needs the problem identification is a continuous and frequent process(Sethna Blythe, 2016). According to the customer purchase matrix, a need was identified by the customer for certain basis need products like bread, burger, fruits and vegetables. Additionally, need was also identified for certain moderate involvement products like airline tickets. The customer did not do much information search for low involvement products and purchased them from the nearest market. There was not much evaluation of alternatives and customer purchased the bread and other basic needs items based on convenience and time saving. Customer was also aware of the quality of these items from previous purchases. As the customer was habitual of purchasing these products, not much post-purchase evaluation was done. Therefore, daily low involvement products were bought by the customer based on habit, convenience, less time criteria and low attention span(Blythe, 2013). Major influencers in purchase decision of customer in case of low involvement products were peer group and parents along with own past purchase experience. The consumer purchase matrix also has certain moderate involvement products like Yoga classes and airline tickets. These items were bought after limited information search and discussion with peer group. However, the consumer was not overly involved in the purchase and made a decision after a short search. Post purchase evaluation was not too extensive and very strong opinion was not formed about the product. Therefore, less attention span and less information search are the features of low and moderate involvement products Analysis of purchase of high involvement product In contrast to low involvement products, high involvement products are more expensive; therefore, more time is spent on searching about such products(Armstrong, 2012). Additionally, the need for such products is an advanced need. Such needs arise from need for comfort or luxury(Ammi, 2013). High involvement product which the customer recently purchased is IPhone 7 Plus. This is a high end smartphone for heavy users(Ammi, 2013). Customer was looking for a brand switch as she was not satisfies with the earlier smart phone, Samsung Note. Customer had issues with android operating system as well. Therefore, past purchase was not satisfactory. Hence, customer felt a need for replacement of the phone. As the customer was not satisfied with android operating system, the next available option of IOS was opted for by her. The customer asked friends and also searched on the internet regarding good IOS phones. IPhone 7 plus appealed to the customer due to its good reviews, colour and shape. Additionally, a friend also influenced the customers choice. After information search and getting convinced about this new phone the customer made the purchase decision. It can be deduced from the above that IPhone 7 Plus was purchased after an extensive information search. As this was an expensive high involvement product, there was an extensive evaluation of the product and the customer found the product satisfactory. Therefore, in case of high involvement products, more attention is given to the product and customer is highly involved in the purchase decision. Comparison between the purchase decision of high and low involvement products Consumer purchase decision is dependent on many varying factors(Armstrong, 2012). Some consumers are able to make quicker decisions based on their knowledge and experience(Armstrong, 2012). However, decision making can be divided into two broad categories; High involvement decision making and low involvement decision making. Following chart makes a comparison between low and high involvement decision making. High involvement Vs Low Involvement purchase decesion Figure 3: Source: Made by Author (2017) Adapted from (Armstrong, 2012) Consumer purchased daily need products like food, health and fitness services throughout the week. These were low to moderate involvement products as they were relatively cheaper, were a part of habitual baying and did not feature on high attention span list of the customer. Consumer made the decision of purchasing these products based on past purchase experience, experience of a friend and parents. Convenience and easy availably were also factors which influenced this decision making. Low involvement purchases are purchased frequently. For example, the purchase of bread and burger which the customer purchased in this week may get repeated next week as well. following is the process followed during low involvement product purchase Low Involvement Products Purchase Decision Process Figure 4: Source: Made by Author (2017) Adapted from (Ammi, 2013) Therefore, in case of low involvement products, decision making is simple and based on fast satisfaction of needs and convenience. In the case of the customer being analysed, the purchase was based on low involvement, quick decision making based on past purchase and advice from peer group. For example, the customer bought bread from the shop that had supplied the bread in the past to the customer. Customer did not do much information search. Additionally, not much past purchase evaluation was done. Adjustment was made based on experience and repeat purchase was made based on habit or adjustments made as per past purchase. Even if the customer gets dissatisfied ,she would just shift to another product without giving too much attention to the dissatisfaction. On the other hand, in case of high involvement products, decision making process is longer. Customer is greatly impacted by the decision because the products are expensive. In the case of this customer, there was dissonance with proviso product hence, there was even more caution in purchase decision. The customer did extensive information search and then chose the product which suited the requirements in the best possible manner. The basic difference between the process of high and low involvement products is that the information search is more intensive in these products. The reason is that these products are very expensive and are purchased once in a while. Following is the process followed by the customer to make the purchase decision. High Involvement Products- Purchase Decision Process Figure 5: Source: Made by Author, Adapted from (Ammi, 2013) As propounded by this process, the customer identified a need for a new high end smart phone. Additionally, as the customer was not satisfied with past purchase experience, she was even more cautious in making the new decision. Unlike the low involvement products, customer indulged in extensive information search. Information was gathered from internet, friends and product reviews in magazines and newspapers. Ultimately, based on the dissonance of the past purchase, the customer decided not to buy android devices and buy Iphone7 plus instead, which is an IOS operated device. A lot of time was given to the decision making process and many different aspects regarding the product was debated upon by the customer. Unlike low involvement purchase, the decision was not quick or based on convenience and availably. Lot of evaluation was done post purchase and strong opinions about the product were formed by the customer based on purchase experience. Therefore, a lot of difference exists in approach towards purchase of high and low involvement products. Key Insights as observed from the purchase behaviour of the customer Following are the key insights which came out of the analysis of the customer buying decision- Low involvement purchases are the weekly purchases which the customer makes for satisfaction of basic needs, Customer does not spend too much time on these purchases and makes decisions which are based on convenience or easy availability. Influence of friends, parents or past purchases have a great role to play in such purchases. The justification for low involvement in basic needs products is that they are inexpensive and purchased frequently. Hence, any mistake in purchase can be rectified in the next purchase. Strong opinions about the products are not made and the customer cans easily shift to other products in case of dissatisfaction. The reason for this type of behaviour is inexpensive and frequently bought product. Therefore, customer does not spend too much time to look out for information on these products. Such products need frequent and repetitive advertisement to make a place in the customers mind On the other hand, high involvement products are expensive and are brought once in a while. A mistake in the purchase cannot be rectified. Therefore, customers spend a large amount of time to look for such products and follow extensive information search. They learn from experience of friend, family and their own past experience. As a lot of money is involved, customers make the decision after taking into account all features of the product. Additionally, post purchase evaluation is also extensive and the customer makes strong opinion about the product. 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